| References |
- The Brooks and Olmo Register of Fruit & Nut Varieties. Third Edition. 1997. ASHS Press, Alexandria, Virginia.
- Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC). Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ).
Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (IRZ). August, 2007. Link
The former National Grape Registry (NGR) was initially compiled and annotated using the earlier version of the Vitis database. The VIVC underwent a significant update beginning in 2007. Corresponding updates to this Registry will be made as necessary.
- Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB). Code of Federal Regulations Title 27 Part 4.91 List of approved prime names. Link
- Grapevine Breeding and Genetics Program. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York.
- Fruit, Berry and Nut Inventory. 2001. 3rd edition. Edited by Kent Whealy. Seed Saver’s Exchange, Inc.
- University of Minnesota grape breeding program.
- Lehman, Emily, and Jean Gerrath. 2004.
A Midwesterner's Handbook to Grapevine Varieties. UNI College of Natural Sciences, Cedar Falls, IA.
- Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America. 2008. Edited by Tony K. Wolf, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, published by Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES), Cooperative Extension, PO Box 4557, Ithaca, New York.
- Robinson, Jancis, Julia Harding, José Vouillamoz. WINE GRAPES. First U.S. edition, 2012. Harper Collins Publishers, East 53rd Street, New York, New York.
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| Comments |
This red wine variety was created by the University of Minnesota breeding program and is cold hardy to -35 degrees F. The pedigree is a complex hybrid including Vitis riparia, labrusca, vinifera, aestivalis, lincecumii, rupestris, cinerea and berlandieri. |
